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...ge. And the growth of knowledge can be studied best by studying the growth of scientific knowledge."{{sfn|Popper|1959|p=xix}} * {{slink|Evolutionary epistemology#Growth of knowledge}} ...

...=liHivlUYWcUC&pg=PA34 p. 34.]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Truth-value {{!}} logic|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/truth-value|access-date=2020-08-15|web ...9 p. 199.]</ref><ref>[[Graham Priest]], ''An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic: From If to Is'', 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|0-521-85 ...

{{Short description|Fundamental concepts in philosophy}} ...dity (logic)|validity]]",<ref>[[Oxford Dictionary of English]], sense 1 of logic.</ref> while they are rational according to the broader requirement that th ...

...actical and often not practiced, and found normal science—where a paradigm of science, mimicking an exemplar, extinguishes differing perspectives—more [[ ...orroborating such is ''empirical progress'', always refusing falsification of the research program's hard core.<ref name=Bechtel/> A research program mig ...

...argument's conclusion. Valid arguments must be clearly expressed by means of sentences called [[well-formed formula|well-formed formulas]] (also called The '''validity''' of an argument can be tested, proved or disproved, and depends on its [[logica ...

{{Short description|Term in logic and deductive reasoning}} ...gically valid with respect to the [[Semantics of logic|logical semantics]] of the system. ...

...owledge.<ref name="Burgin2016">{{cite book|author=Mark Burgin|title=Theory Of Knowledge: Structures And Processes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F ...ealing with study and operations on knowledge, seen as a unified [[object (philosophy)|object]]/entities, abstracted from local conceptualizations and terminolog ...

part of the set of 830+ outlines listed at a special type of list article. ...

...hipper, Edith Watson and Schuh, Edward (1960). ''A First Course in Modern Logic'', p.24. Routledge. "Incongruous", "circular", "negative", and "obscure or ..."Using in the definition itself the word to be defined or a close synonym of it."</ref>]] ...

...0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/lemma|title=Definition of lemma {{!}} Dictionary.com|website=www.dictionary.com|language=en|access-da ...nary, Merriam-Webster.</ref><ref>Loewen, Nathan R. B. ''Beyond the Problem of Evil.'' Lexington Books. March 12, 2018. {{ISBN|9781498555739}} p. 47</ref> ...

...inued to mature as a field, reaching its modern form in 1963 with the work of [[Saul Kripke|Kripke]]. ...ch can be used to specify and reason about information change and exchange of information in [[multi-agent systems]]. The seminal works in this field are ...

...Torretti, Roberto. ''Observation'', The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 37, No. 1. (Mar., 1986), pp. 1-23</ref> ...that account all arise '''from''' experience." Kant, Immanuel. ''Critique of Pure Reason'', B1 (p. 136 in Guyer/Wood)</ref> he took Locke to be suggesti ...

{{short description|Concept of personal perspective in philosophy}} ...Unabridged |publisher=[[Random House Inc.]]}}</ref> This figurative usage of the expression dates back to 1730.<ref name=“dict”></ref> ...

...c]]s of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people. ...gorithmic calculation. Extracting the [[square root]] or the [[cube root]] of a number using mathematical models is a more complex algorithmic calculatio ...

...by Acquaintance and by Description.<ref>Bertrand Russell, ''Mysticism and Logic'' (1954) Ch. 5</ref> ...lour]]s, which could not be explained to someone born blind: the necessity of experiential knowledge becomes clear if one was asked to explain to a blind ...

...mental issue in human [[discourse]]. The [[intentional]] [[dissemination]] of misstatements ([[disinformation]]) is commonly termed as [[deception]] or [ ...ercussions such as [[defamation]], [[fraud]], or [[perjury]]. The accuracy of statements is pivotal in maintaining [[Trust (social science)|trust]] withi ...

|title = Paradoxes and Contemporary Logic |url-id = paradoxes-contemporary-logic ...

{{Short description|Entity whose presence indicates the probable existence of something else}} ...nstruct using [[written text]], [[symbol]]s, [[picture]]s or a combination of these. ...

...Technical University - Faculty of Electrical Engineering.JPG|thumb|Faculty of Electrical Engineering at Bialystok Technical University, [[Poland]].]] ...ed as a [[Bachelor of Engineering]], [[Bachelor of Science]] or [[Bachelor of Applied Science]] depending upon the university. ...

{{Short description|Study of time}} ...xpressed by the Sciences and Humanities|year=1981|publisher=The University of Massachusetts Press|location=Amherst|isbn=0-87023-337-8|first=J. T.|last=Fr ...