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...total [[energy (physics)|energy]] of a certain system, as a [[functional (mathematics)|functional]] of the system's [[Classical mechanics|state]]. ...ble stationary states. Studying such states is part of the [[optimization (mathematics)|optimization problems]], where the terms ''energy functional'' or ''cost f ...

...law]]s under a transformation, and is closer in scope to the [[Invariant (mathematics)|mathematical definition]]. Invariants of a system are deeply tied to the s In classical and quantum mechanics, invariance of space under translation results in momentum being an invariant and the [[conserva ...

{{Short description|Overview of and topical guide to mathematics}} ...search|reason=In particular, the classification into "quantity, structure, space and change" is pure invention.|date=November 2021}} ...

...separation algorithm''', of partitioning the [[magnetic field]] [[Vector (mathematics and physics)|vector]], '''B'''<math>(r, \theta, \phi)</math>, measured over ...ial Magnetism – a revised translation of the German text|journal=Hist. Geo Space Sci|volume=5|issue=1 |pages=11–62|doi=10.5194/hgss-5-11-2014|bibcode = 2014 ...

In [[physics]], '''field strength''' is the ''[[magnitude (mathematics)|magnitude]]'' of a [[vector (geometry)|vector]]-valued [[field (physics)|f * [[Dipole field strength in free space]] ...

...]] and [[physics]], the '''diamagnetic inequality''' relates the [[Sobolev space|Sobolev norm]] of the absolute value of a [[section (fiber bundle)|section] ...re-integrable]] functions, and <math>H^1(\mathbb R^n)</math> the [[Sobolev space]] of square-integrable functions with square-integrable derivatives. ...

The reflections, or ''images'', are oriented in space such that they perfectly replace any mass (from the real plume) passing thr The simplest case is a single boundary in 1-dimensional space. In this case, only one image is possible. If as time elapses, a mass appro ...

...own as the '''method of analytical regularization'''. It was first used in mathematics during the development of [[operator theory]] before acquiring a name.<ref ...truction <math> A </math> is [[compact operator|compact]] on the [[Hilbert space]] of which <math> B </math> is a member. ...

===Mathematics=== ..., a point process consisting of randomly located points on some underlying space ...

...c algebra]] Cl_3,0('''R''') of the three-dimensional [[Euclidean space]] as a model for (3+1)-dimensional [[spacetime]], representing a point in s ...he identity matrix. This means that the Pauli matrix representation of the space-time position is ...

...one [[ohm]]. It is a [[metric (mathematics)|metric]] on [[Graph (discrete mathematics)|graphs]]. On a [[Graph (discrete mathematics)|graph]] {{mvar|G}}, the '''resistance distance''' {{math|Ω{{sub|''i'',''j' ...

...olds]] with a ''Riemannian metric'' (an [[inner product]] on the [[tangent space]] at each point that varies [[smooth function|smoothly]] from point to poin ...zation of the [[differential geometry of surfaces]] in [[Three-dimensional space|'''R'''³]]. Development of Riemannian geometry resulted in synth ...

{{Short description|Measure of distance in physical space}} == Use in mathematics == ...

...ace and atmospheric science; biology and medicine; chemistry; engineering; mathematics; neuroscience; physics; technology; and general or multiple fields. ==Astronomy, space, atmospheric science== ...

'''Size''' in general is the [[Magnitude (mathematics)|magnitude]] or [[dimension]]s of a thing. More specifically, ''geometrical ...suring by comparing a longer to a shorter".<ref>C. Smoryński, ''History of Mathematics: A Supplement'' (2008), p. 76.</ref> Size is determined by the process of c ...

...ector {{nowrap|1=''F'' = ''F''^''ab''}} defined over the tangent space at ''p''. ...inkowski spacetime. This tends to blur the distinction between the tangent space at ''p'' and the underlying manifold; fortunately, nothing is lost by this ...

{{Short description|Mnemonic for understanding orientation of vectors in 3D space}} ...ientation]] of [[Cartesian coordinate system|axes]] in [[three-dimensional space]] and to determine the direction of the [[cross product]] of two [[Euclidea ...

...y designed for kids. Zometool has also been used in other fields including mathematics and physics. For example, [[aperiodic tiling]]s such as [[Penrose tiling]]s == Mathematics of Zometools == ...

...ublisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-1-84614-702-9|chapter=3}}</ref> In mathematics, the set of all time translations on a given system form a [[Lie group]]. ! [[Space translation symmetry|Space-translation]] ...

...a [[scalar (mathematics)|scalar]], [[Euclidean vector|vector]], [[Matrix (mathematics)|matrix]] [[Logical disjunction|or]] [[tensor]]), and whether the [[conserv ...istics)|sample]], with the [[Avogadro constant]] as the [[Proportionality (mathematics)|proportionality]] [[Physical constant|constant]] ...