List of emerging technologies

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of emerging technologies, in-development technical innovations with significant potential in their applications. The criteria for this list is that the technology must:

  1. Exist in some way; purely hypothetical technologies cannot be considered emerging and should be covered in the list of hypothetical technologies instead. However, technologies being actively researched and prototyped are acceptable.
  2. Have a Wikipedia article or adjacent citation covering them.
  3. Not be widely used yet. Mainstream or extensively commercialized technologies can no longer be considered emerging.

Listing here is not a prediction that the technology will become widely adopted, only a recognition of significant potential to become widely adopted or highly useful if ongoing work continues, is successful, and the work is not overtaken by other technologies.

Agriculture

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Agricultural robotics<ref name="Develop agricultiural robots for future use">Starostin, I A; Eshchin, A V; Davydova, S A (2023). "Global trends in the development of agricultural robotics". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1138 (1): 012042. Bibcode:2023E&ES.1138a2042S. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1138/1/012042.</ref><ref>A review of automation and robotics for the bio-industry. Journal of Biomechatronics Engineering Vol. 1, No. 1, (2008) 37–54</ref> Research and development, trial projects Automation of agriculture Agricultural drone
Closed ecological systems Research and development,<ref>NASA – Investigation of a Closed Ecological System. Archived 13 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine nasa.gov</ref><ref>Ben Armentrout, and Heidi Kappes. Studies in Closed Ecological Systems: Biosphere in a Bottle</ref><ref>Frieda B. Taub Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics Vol. 5, (1974), pp. 139–160</ref> working demonstrators (e.g. Biosphere 2) Agriculture, scientific research, space colonization Greenhouse, Eden Project, Bioshelter, Seawater greenhouse
Cultured meat Research and development, trials<ref>"Is in vitro meat the future?". The Times. 9 May 2008. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2012.</ref><ref name=econ25212>"Artificial meat: Hamburger junction". The Economist. 25 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012.</ref> Humane, resource-efficient, healthier, and cheaper meat<ref name=econ25212/> New Harvest
Atmospheric water generator<ref>McFadden, Christopher (27 December 2021). "Can We Ever Adopt a Scalable Water-From-Air Device?". interestingengineering.com. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</ref> Working prototype agriculture in semi-arid land Desorption
Vertical farming Research, development, experiments, and diffusion<ref>"Vertical farming – Does it really stack up?". The Economist. 9 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref><ref name=":0">"Vertical Farming – Can Urban Agriculture Feed a Hungry World?". Spiegel. 22 July 2011. Archived from the original on 15 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref><ref>"Vertical Harvest of Jackson Hole Will Grow Organic Produce Even in Winter". Inhabitat. 6 June 2012. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.</ref> Space-efficient farming and space travel applications<ref name=":0" />

Construction

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Active structure Research, development, commercialization Adaptive structures that respond to different conditions, or supermassive buildings and infrastructure (e.g. space fountains)
Arcology Research, development, commercialization Photobioreactor § Outlook
Domed city Planned feature for Mall of the World<ref>"Mohammed Bin Rashid launches 'Mall of the World', a temperature-controlled pedestrian city in Dubai". 5 July 2014.</ref><ref name="8 July 2014">"Mall of the World in Dubai". dubaifaqs.com. 8 July 2014.</ref><ref name="twentyfour">"Dubai's Mohammed Bin Rashid City: Collaboration with Universal Studios, over 100 hotel facilities: Will also boast largest mall in the world and park bigger than London's Hyde Park". Emirates 24/7. 26 November 2012.</ref> Weather-controlled city, colonization of other celestial bodies

Electronics, IT, and communications

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
6G cellular communications<ref name="Applications, trends, technologies, and open research problems in 6G wireless">Saad, Walid; Bennis, Mehdi; Chen, Mingzhe (2019). "A Vision of 6G Wireless Systems: Applications, Trends, Technologies, and Open Research Problems". IEEE Network. 34 (3): 134–142. arXiv:1902.10265. doi:10.1109/MNET.001.1900287. S2CID 67856161.</ref><ref>"Do More › New & Next 6G: What It Is & When to Expect It". Lifeewire. 2019. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.</ref> Conceptual Mobile phones
Artificial general intelligence Hypothetical, experiments<ref>"IBM's Watson supercomputer crowned Jeopardy king". BBC News. 17 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 February 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.</ref><ref>"MIT scientists take a step closer to artificial intelligence". Computer Weekly. 18 November 2011. Archived from the original on 20 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref><ref>"How innovative is Apple's new voice assistant, Siri?". New Scientist. 3 November 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</ref> Creating intelligent devices and robots; AI can counsel (or even take charge) in scientific projects, government, army, corporate governance, film and books creation, inventions etc. Progress in artificial intelligence, technological singularity, applications of artificial intelligence
Biometrics Diffusion
Blockchain Diffusion, commercialization Finance, Digital currency, Art, Universal basic income, Identity (social science) Bitcoin, Ethereum
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor Research and development Future miniaturization of transistors
Cashierless store Limited commercialization
Civic technology Research and development, projects Smart cities, more responsive government Smart city, e-democracy, open data, intelligent environment
Digital scent technology Diffusion Smell-O-Vision, iSmell
DNA digital data storage Experiments Mass data storage
Electronic nose Research, limited commercialization<ref>"Tuberculosis breakthrough as scientists get funds for 'electronic nose'". The Guardian. 7 November 2011. Archived from the original on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Now, a mobile phone that can smell". The Times of India. 7 November 2011. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2011.</ref> Detecting spoiled food, chemical weapons, and cancer
Emerging memory technologies

(T-RAM, CBRAM, SONOS, RRAM, racetrack memory, NRAM, phase-change memory, FJG RAM, millipede memory, Skyrmion, programmable metallization cell, ferroelectric RAM, magnetoresistive RAM, nvSRAM)

In development
Emerging magnetic data storage technologies

(SMR, HAMR, BPM, MAMR, TDMR, CPP/GMR, PMR, hard disk drive)

In development (HAMR, BPM); diffusion (SMR) Greatly improved storage density compared to current HDDs, can be combined
E-textiles Research, diffusion<ref>"Electronic Cotton". IEEE Spectrum. January 2012. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</ref> Wearable technology
Exascale computing Projects
Exocortex Diffusion of primitive amplifications; working prototypes of more; Hypothetical, experiments on more substantial amplification
Flexible electronics Research, development, prototypes, limited commercialization (e.g. Samsung Galaxy Fold) Flexible and/or foldable electronic devices, and flexible solar cells which are lightweight, can be rolled up for launch, and are easily deployable Nokia Morph, Flexible organic light-emitting diode
Fourth-generation optical discs (3D optical data storage, Holographic data storage) Research, prototyping<ref>"G.E.'s breakthrough can put 100 DVDs on a disc". Tehran Times. 28 April 2009. Archived from the original on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref> Storing and archiving data previously erased for economic reasons Blu-ray Disc, Optical storage
Hybrid forensics<ref>Adams, R., Mann, G., & Hobbs, V. (2017). ISEEK, a tool for high speed, concurrent, distributed forensic data acquisition. Paper presented in Valli, C. (Ed.). The Proceedings of 15th Australian Digital Forensics Conference 5–6 December 2017, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia DOI 10.4225/75/5a838d3b1d27f [1] Archived 25 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Research, commercialization Digital forensics, electronic discovery, malware detection, IT compliance
Li-Fi Demos, requires standardization Laser communication in space
Machine vision Research, prototyping, commercialization<ref name="telegraph1">"The big plan to build a brain". The Telegraph. 21 June 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> Biometrics, controlling processes (e.g., in driverless car, automated guided vehicle), detecting events (e.g., in visual surveillance), interaction (e.g., in human–computer interaction), robot vision Computer vision, pattern recognition, digital image processing
Magnonics Research Data storage
Memristor Working prototype<ref>"Remapping Computer Circuitry to Avert Impending Bottlenecks". The New York Times. 28 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Memristor revolution backed by HP". BBC News. 2 September 2010. Archived from the original on 18 May 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Smaller, faster, more energy-efficient storage, analogue electronics, programmable logic,<ref>U.S. patent 7,203,789</ref> signal processing,<ref>U.S. patent 7,302,513</ref> neural networks,<ref>U.S. patent 7,359,888</ref> control systems,<ref>U.S. patent 7,609,086</ref> reconfigurable computing,<ref>U.S. patent 7,902,857</ref> brain–computer interfaces,<ref>U.S. patent 7,902,867</ref> RFID,<ref>U.S. patent 8,113,437</ref> and pattern recognition<ref>Corinto, Fernando; Ascoli, Alon; Gilli, Marco (2012). "Memristor Models for Pattern Recognition Systems". Advances in Neuromorphic Memristor Science and Applications. Springer. pp. 245–267. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4491-2_13. ISBN 978-94-007-4490-5.</ref>
Molecular electronics Research and development
Multimodal contactless biometric face/iris systems Deployed at various airports and federal security checkpoints<ref>"Shannon Airport deploys face recognition". Planet Biometrics. 28 September 2018. Archived from the original on 28 September 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2018.</ref> Unimodal facial recognition scanners
Nanoelectromechanical systems Research and development
Nanoradio Research and development, diffusion
Neuromorphic engineering Research and development
Optical computing Hypothetical, experiments; some components of integrated circuits have been developed<ref>"US scientists build first 'antilaser'". ABC. 18 February 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> Smaller, faster, lower power consuming computing
Quantum computing Experiments,<ref>"Quantum computing device hints at powerful future". BBC News. 22 March 2011. Archived from the original on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.</ref> commercialization,<ref>"First Ever Commercial Quantum Computer Now Available for $10 Million". ExtremeTech. 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2011.</ref> early diffusion Much faster computing for some kinds of problems, chemical modeling, new materials with programmed properties, Hypothetical of high-temperature superconductivity and superfluidity
Quantum cryptography Commercialization<ref>"Does quantum mechanics offer the best way to protect our most valuable data?". The Independent. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.</ref> Secure communications
Quantum radar Prototypes
Radio-frequency identification Diffusion of high cost<ref>"Will NFC make the mobile wallet work?". BBC News. 7 October 2011. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Internet of things: Should you worry if your jeans go smart?". BBC News. 23 September 2011. Archived from the original on 6 December 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2011.</ref><ref>"RFID tagging: Chips with everything". The Telegraph. 20 May 2009. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2011.</ref> Smartstores – RFID based self checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing products), food packaging, smart shelves, smart carts. See: potential uses
Software-defined radio Development, commercialization Cognitive radio, Mesh networks, Software defined antenna GNU Radio, List of software-defined radios, Universal Software Radio Peripheral
Solid-state transformer Development, prototypes
Speech recognition Research, development, commercialization
Spintronics Working prototypes<ref>"Scientists developing spintronic computer chips". The Times of India. 14 April 2011. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011.</ref> Data storage, computing devices
Subvocal recognition Research, development, commercialization
Thermal copper pillar bump Working prototypes in discrete devices Electric circuit cooling, micro-fluidic actuators, thermoelectric power generation Ultra high definition holographic disc, Metal–insulator transition
Three-dimensional integrated circuit Development, commercialization Memory and data processing
Twistronics Development

Entertainment

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Immersive virtual reality Hypothetical, limited commercialization An artificial environment where the user feels just as immersed as they usually feel in conscious reality. Virtusphere, 3rd Space Vest, haptic suit, immersive technology, simulated reality, holodeck (fictional)
Synthetic media Research and development Films, photos Deepfake, StyleGAN, DeepDream, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, Sora

Optoelectronics

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Laser video display Limited commercialization (e.g. Mitsubishi LaserVue TV in 2008) Displays with a very wide colour gamut Laser TV, Comparison of display technology
Holography (holographic display, computer-generated holography) Diffusion<ref>"Scientist: Holographic television to become reality". CNN. 7 October 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Holographic video takes step forward with updated display". The Independent. 5 November 2010. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Phone calls in 3-D soon". The New Straits Times. 9 January 2011. Archived from the original on 16 July 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Holograms get real: Startup creates objects out of light and thin air". CNET. 7 October 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2021.</ref>
Optical transistor Some prototypes
Screenless display (Virtual retinal display, Bionic contact lens, Augmented reality, Virtual reality) Experiments Virtual tools and entertainment in a real-world environment, aids for the visually impaired Head-mounted display, Head-up display, Adaptive optics, EyeTap, Google Glass, Microsoft HoloLens, AR cloud<ref>"Augmented Reality Is The Operating System of the Future. AR Cloud Is How We Get There". Forbes. 21 February 2019. Archived from the original on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2019.</ref>
Volumetric (3D) display Research, working prototypes, commercialization<ref>"3D display technology is no headache, claim researchers". The Engineer. 5 April 2011. Archived from the original on 14 March 2012. Retrieved 17 April 2011.</ref> Television, computer interfaces, cinemas, 3-dimensional imagery Autostereoscopic display, stereoscopic display, volumetric display, Holographic display, Light Field display, Nintendo 3DS, Swept-volume display

Energy

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Airborne wind turbine Research<ref>"Getting wind farms off the ground". The Economist. 7 June 2007. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Wind turbines take to the skies". BBC News. 3 June 2010. Archived from the original on 4 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Airborne Wind Turbines". The New York Times. 9 December 2007. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> Wind power generation at higher altitudes, increasing efficiency KiteGen
Americium battery Estimated working prototype in 5–10 years from 2019<ref>"Americium Power Source". thefutureofthings.com. 1 January 2019. Archived from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 14 June 2019.</ref> Energy storage
Artificial photosynthesis Research, experiments,<ref>"Solar 'Artificial Leaf' Is Unveiled by Researchers". Reuters. 29 March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 April 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> growing interest in a macroscience global project<ref>Faunce, Thomas A.; Lubitz, Wolfgang; Rutherford, A. W. (Bill); MacFarlane, Douglas; Moore, Gary F.; Yang, Peidong; Nocera, Daniel G.; Moore, Tom A.; Gregory, Duncan H.; Fukuzumi, Shunichi; Yoon, Kyung Byung; Armstrong, Fraser A.; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Styring, Stenbjorn (20 February 2013). "Energy and environment policy case for a global project on artificial photosynthesis". Energy & Environmental Science. 6 (3): 695–698. doi:10.1039/C3EE00063J. ISSN 1754-5706.</ref> Photosynthesis-like energy and oxygen production from artificial structures Sustainocene, Renewable energy, Nanotechnology
Concentrated solar power Growing markets in California, Spain, Northern Africa<ref>"California approves Tessera solar plant". Reuters. 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2011.</ref> Electricity generation DESERTEC, BrightSource Energy, Solar Millennium
Double-layer capacitor Diffusion, continued development<ref>"Ultracapacitors Gain Traction as Battery Alternative". Reuters. 30 March 2011. Archived from the original on 4 May 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2011.</ref> Faster-charging, longer-lasting, more flexible, greener energy storage (e.g. for regenerative braking)
Energy harvesting Experiments Constant energy source for mobile, wearable and ubiquitous devices Humavox
Flywheel energy storage Limited commercialization Energy storage
Fusion power Research, experiments Electricity and heat generation, fusion torch recycling with waste heat ITER, NIF, Wendelstein 7-X, Magnetic confinement fusion, Dense plasma focus, Muon-catalyzed fusion
Generation IV nuclear reactor Research, experiments Electricity and heat generation, transmutation of nuclear waste stockpiles from traditional reactors
Gravity battery Small-scale examples Energy storage
Home fuel cell Research, commercialization<ref>"MIT develops way to bank solar energy at home". Reuters. 31 July 2008. Archived from the original on 26 July 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref><ref>"All eyes on Bloom Box fuel cell launch". The Guardian. 22 February 2010. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Japan aims its home fuel cells at Europe". BBC News. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref> Off-the-grid, producing electricity in using an environmentally friendly fuel as a backup during long term power failures. Autonomous building, Bloom Energy Server
Lithium–air battery Research, experiments<ref>Kraytsberg A, Ein-Eli Y (2011). "Review on Li-air batteries – Opportunities, limitations and perspective". Journal of Power Sources,196:p.886-893.</ref> Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid
Lithium iron phosphate battery Commercialization Energy storage
Lithium–sulfur battery Research and development Energy storage
Magnesium battery Early commercialization Energy storage
Molten salt reactor Research, experiments Electricity and heat generation
Nanowire battery Experiments, prototypes<ref>"Scientists say paper battery could be in the works". Reuters. 7 December 2009. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2011.</ref><ref>"Microfiber fabric makes its own electricity?". Reuters. 14 February 2008. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2011.</ref> Laptops, mobile phones, long-range electric cars; storing energy for electric grid
Nantenna Research<ref>"A new device to tap more solar energy invented". The Hindu. 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Heat scavenging – Stealing the heat". The Economist. 4 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2 January 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref><ref>"New Rays". Businessworld. 21 May 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.[permanent dead link]</ref> Electricity generation
Ocean thermal energy conversion Prototype Electricity generation
Solid-state battery Niche uses Reliable, power-dense energy storage (particularly for electric cars and wearable technology)
Smart grid Research, diffusion<ref>"Electricity to power 'smart grid'". BBC News. 18 May 2009. Archived from the original on 24 May 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</ref><ref>"Smart Grid Costs Are Massive, but Benefits Will Be Larger, Industry Study Says". The New York Times. 25 May 2011. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</ref><ref>"Pushing the low carbon boundaries: South Korea's smart grid initiative". The Guardian. 5 September 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2012.</ref> Advanced grid power management Smart meter, SuperSmart Grid
Space-based solar power Early research Electricity generation
Thorium nuclear fuel cycle Research started in the 1960s, still ongoing Electricity and heat generation
Vortex engine Power generation
Wireless energy transfer Prototypes, diffusion, short range consumer products<ref>"Wireless energy promise powers up". BBC News. 7 June 2007. Archived from the original on 17 September 2007. Retrieved 4 May 2011.</ref><ref>"FCC approves first wireless 'power-at-a-distance' charging system". Engadget. 27 December 2017. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</ref> Wirelessly powered equipment: laptop, cell phones, electric cars, etc. WiTricity, resonant inductive coupling
Zero-energy building Expansion Energy-efficient homes Passive house

Materials and textiles

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
4D printing Research and development
Aerogel Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses<ref>"Sto AG, Cabot Create Aerogel Insulation". Construction Digital. 15 November 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> Improved thermal insulation (for pipelines, aerospace, etc.), as well as insulative "glass" if it can be made clear
Amorphous metal Experiments, use in amorphous metal transformers Armor, implants
Bioplastic Limited commercialization (e.g. polylactic acid in 3D printing) Disposable packaging and single-use items
Conductive polymers Research, experiments, prototypes Lighter and cheaper wires, antistatic materials, organic solar cells Jacquard weaving
Cryogenic treatment Research, experiments, prototypes Significantly stronger metal components
Edible packaging Diffusion Biodegradable alternatives to plastic
Electric armour Prototypes Better protection for warships and armoured fighting vehicles from shaped charge weapons
Fullerene Experiments, diffusion Programmable matter
Graphene Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses<ref>"Is graphene a miracle material?". BBC Click. 21 May 2011. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref><ref>"Could graphene be the new silicon?". The Guardian. 13 November 2011. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> Higher-specific strength structural components, higher-frequency transistors, lower-cost mobile displays, automotive hydrogen storage, biosensors,<ref>Tehrani, Z. (1 September 2014). "Generic epitaxial graphene biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of cancer risk biomarker" (PDF). 2D Materials. 1 (2): 025004. Bibcode:2014TDM.....1b5004T. doi:10.1088/2053-1583/1/2/025004. S2CID 55035225.</ref> more efficient batteries<ref>"Applications of Graphene under Development". understandingnano.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2011.</ref>
Lab-on-a-chip Limited commercialization More efficient laboratory analysis
High-temperature superconductivity Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in dry ice; experiments for lower temperatures<ref>"The 'new age' of super materials". BBC News. 5 March 2007. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> No-loss conductors, frictionless bearings, magnetic levitation, lossless high-capacity accumulators, electric cars, heat-free integrated circuits
Magnetic nanoparticles Development Cancer treatment,<ref>Rabias, I.; et al. (2010). "Rapid magnetic heating treatment by highly charged maghemite nanoparticles on Wistar rats exocranial glioma tumors at microliter volume". Biomicrofluidics. 4 (2): 024111. doi:10.1063/1.3449089. PMC 2917883. PMID 20697578.</ref><ref name="Kumar">Kumar, CS; Mohammad, F (2011). "Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery". Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 63 (9): 789–808. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.008. PMC 3138885. PMID 21447363.</ref> wastewater treatment<ref>F.M. Koehler, Fabian M.; M. Rossier; M. Waelle; E.K. Athanassiou; L.K. Limbach; R.N. Grass; D. Günther; W.J. Stark (2009). "Magnetic EDTA: Coupling heavy metal chelators to metal nanomagnets for rapid removal of cadmium, lead and copper from contaminated water". Chem. Commun. 32 (32): 4862–4. doi:10.1039/B909447D. PMID 19652806. S2CID 33582926.</ref>
Magnetorheological fluid Research and development, limited magnetorheological damping applications Seismic damping for earthquake resistance Electrorheological fluid
Microfluidics Research and development
High-temperature superfluidity Superfluid gyroscopes exist but work at very low temperatures High-precision measure of gravity, navigation and maneuver devices, possible devices to emit gravitomagnetic field, frictionless mechanical devices
Metamaterials Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion<ref>"Strides in Materials, but No Invisibility Cloak". The New York Times. 8 November 2010. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> Microscopes, cameras, metamaterial cloaking, cloaking devices
Metal foam Research, limited commercialization Space colonies, floating cities
Multi-function structures<ref>NAE Website: Frontiers of Engineering Archived 28 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Nae.edu. Retrieved 22 February 2011.</ref> Hypothetical, experiments, some prototypes, few commercial Wide range of applications (e.g. self-health monitoring, self-healing materials)
Nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes Hypothetical, experiments, diffusion, early uses<ref>"Carbon nanotubes used to make batteries from fabrics". BBC News. 21 January 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Researchers One Step Closer to Building Synthetic Brain". Daily Tech. 25 April 2011. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Higher-specific strength structural components Potential applications of carbon nanotubes, Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers
Quantum dot Research, experiments, prototypes,<ref>"'Quantum dots' to boost performance of mobile cameras". BBC News. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</ref> commercialization[citation needed] Quantum dot lasers, quantum dot displays, faster data communication, laser scalpels
Self-healing materials Research, experiments Infrastructure, robotics, biotech
Silicene Early research Nanoscale electronics
Superalloy Research, diffusion Significantly stronger metal components (particularly in aircraft jet engines)
Synthetic diamond Research, commercialization Electronics
Time crystal Research experiments<ref>Richerme, Phil (18 January 2017). "Viewpoint: How to Create a Time Crystal". Physics. 10: 5. doi:10.1103/Physics.10.5. Archived from the original on 31 May 2019. Retrieved 2 February 2017.</ref> Quantum computers with stable qubits
Translucent concrete Commercialization Construction of buildings and sculptures (e.g. Europe Gate)

Medicine

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Artificial uterus Research, experiments Space travel, extracorporeal pregnancy, reprogenetics, same-sex procreation
Body implant, prosthesis Trials, from animal (e.g., brain implants) to human clinical (e.g., insulin pump implant), to commercial production (e.g. pacemaker, joint replacement, cochlear implant) Brain implant, retinal implant Prosthetics, prosthetics in fiction, cyborg
Cryonics Hypothetical, research, commercialization (e.g. Alcor, Cryonics Institute) Life extension
De-extinction Research, development, trials Animal husbandry, pets, zoos Revival of the woolly mammoth
Electronic medical records Deployment Replacing paper medical records
Human DNA vaccination and mRNA vaccination Implementation in 2021 to combat the COVID-19 pandemic Disease vaccinations, cancer therapy
Enzybiotics Successful first trials
Genetic engineering of organisms and viruses Research, development, commercialization<ref>"A giant leap into the unknown: GM salmon that grows and grows". The Independent. 22 September 2010. Archived from the original on 13 September 2011. Retrieved 5 May 2011.</ref><ref>"Gene therapy is cure for 'boy in the bubble' syndrome". The Telegraph. 24 August 2011. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> Creating and modifying species (mainly improving their physical and mental capabilities), bio-machines, eliminating genetic disorders (gene therapy), new materials production,<ref>"USU Synthetic Spider Silk Lab awarded $1.9 million in DOE Energy Efficient Transportation Technology Funds". CacheValleyDaily.com. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2014.</ref> healthier and cheaper food, creating drugs and vaccines, research in natural sciences, bioremediation,<ref>Shivani Sharma. "Application of Genetic Engineering in Bioremediation: Deinococcus Radiodurans". biotecharticles.com. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</ref> detecting arsenic,<ref>Katharine Sanderson. "New Portable Kit Detects Arsenic in Wells". acs.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</ref> CO2 reducing superplant,<ref>EditorDavid (19 May 2018). "Anti-GMO Activists Slow Scientists Breeding a CO2-Reducing Superplant". science.slashdot.org. Archived from the original on 14 July 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2019.</ref> Biopunk, Genetically modified food, superhuman, human enhancement, transhumanism, gene doping, designer baby, genetic pollution
Hibernation or suspended animation Research, development, animal trials<ref>"Patients to be frozen into state of suspended animation for surgery". The Telegraph. 26 September 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> Organ transplantation, space travel, prolonged surgery, emergency care
Life extension, strategies for engineered negligible senescence Research, experiments, animal testing<ref>"Doubt on Anti-Aging Molecule as Drug Trial Stops". The New York Times. 10 January 2011. Archived from the original on 26 October 2011. Retrieved 1 May 2011.</ref><ref>"Signs of ageing halted in the lab". BBC News. 2 November 2011. Archived from the original on 17 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011.</ref> Increased life spans Immortality, biological immortality
Nanomedicine Research, experiments, limited use<ref>"Aiming for clinical excellence". The Guardian. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Nanotechnoglogy world: Nanomedicine offers new cures". The Guardian. 6 September 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2011.</ref>
Nanosensors Research and development
Omni Processor Research and development; some prototypes
Oncolytic virus Human trials (Talimogene laherparepvec, reolysin, JX-594), commercialisation (H101) Cancer therapy, imaging Oncolytic virus
Personalized medicine, full genome sequencing Research, experiments<ref>"Genetic test could be used to 'personalise' drugs, say scientists". The Independent. 1 March 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</ref> Personalized medical procedures, genome sequencing during drug trials Personal genomics
Phage therapy First trial uses
Plantibody Clinical trials
Regenerative medicine Some laboratory trials<ref>"Scientists Grow Viable Urethras From Boys' Cells". Fox News. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 March 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Life extension
Robotic surgery Research, diffusion<ref>"Doctors grapple with the value of robotic surgery". Houston Chronicle. 16 September 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Robotic surgery making inroads in many medical procedures". The Jakarta Post. 8 March 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2011. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Doctors Perform First Fully Robotic Surgery". PC World. 21 October 2010. Archived from the original on 24 November 2010. Retrieved 24 December 2011.</ref>
Senolytic Under investigation
Stem cell treatments Research, experiments, phase I human trial spinal cord injury treatment (GERON), cultured cornea transplants<ref>"Scientists make eye's retina from stem cells". BBC News. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Medical marvels". The Guardian. 30 January 2009. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2011.</ref> Treatment for a wide range of diseases and injuries Stem cell, stem cell treatments
Synthetic biology, synthetic genomics Research, development, first synthetic bacteria created May 2010<ref>"'Artificial life' breakthrough announced by scientists". BBC News. 20 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Scientist Craig Venter creates life for first time in laboratory sparking debate about 'playing god'". The Telegraph. 20 May 2010. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.</ref> Infinitely scalable production processes based on programmable species of bacteria and other life forms BioBrick, iGEM, synthetic genomics
Tissue engineering Research, diffusion<ref>"Artificial blood vessels created on a 3D printer". BBC News. 16 September 2011. Archived from the original on 29 December 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Penis tissue replaced in the lab". BBC News. 10 November 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</ref><ref>"U.S. scientists create artificial lungs, of sorts". Reuters. 24 June 2010. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Silkworms could aid a breakthrough in tissue engineering". BBC News. 15 December 2011. Archived from the original on 15 December 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.</ref> Organ printing, tooth regeneration
Tricorder Research and development Diagnosing medical conditions Medical tricorder
Virotherapy Research, human trials Gene therapy, cancer therapy Virotherapy, Oncolytic Virus
Vitrification or cryoprotectant Research, some experiments<ref>"Research updates: CMU prof wins grants for very cool technology". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 11 August 2010. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref> Organ transplantation, cryonics

Neuroscience

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Artificial brain Research<ref name="telegraph1" /> Treatment of neurological disease, artificial intelligence Blue Brain Project, Human Brain Project
Brain–computer interface Research and commercialization Faster communication and learning, as well as more "real" entertainment (generation of feelings and information in brain on-demand) and the control of emotions in the mentally ill<ref>"DARPA Program Seeks to Use Brain Implants to Control Mental Illness – MIT Technology Review". MIT Technology Review.</ref> Experience machine, Neuralink, Stent-electrode recording array
Brain-reading, neuroinformatics Research<ref>"Mind-reading research: the major breakthroughs". The Telegraph. 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref><ref>"'Mind-reading device' recreates what we see in our heads". The Telegraph. 22 September 2011. Archived from the original on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2011.</ref>
Electroencephalography Research, diffusion<ref>"'Mind Control' Possible in 5 Years: IBM". NBC Bay Area. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2011.</ref> Controlling electronic devices via brain waves BrainGate
Head transplant Success in animal experiments, including 2-headed result Treatment of debilitating diseases or severe disfigurement Brain transplant, hand transplantation, organ transplantation
Memory erasure Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder
Neuroprosthetics Research, animal trials Visual prosthesis, brain implant, exocortex, retinal implant, neurograin<ref>"Brown to receive up to $19M to engineer next-generation brain-computer interface". Brown.edu. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 9 July 2019.</ref>
Wetware computer Experimentation Artificial general intelligence, better understanding of neurons

Military

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Caseless ammunition Field tests and limited commercialization Lighter and cheaper ammunition; the lack of a case may also simplify the design of firearms Lightweight Small Arms Technologies
Cloaking device Successful experiments cloaking small objects under some conditions<ref>Rachel Kaufman (28 January 2011). "New Invisibility Cloak Closer to Working "Magic"". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.</ref> Stealth Metamaterial cloaking
Directed-energy weapon Research, development, some prototypes<ref>"Laser gun tested on US Navy ship in Pacific Ocean". BBC News. 11 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 April 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011.</ref> Laser Weapon System, Iron Beam
Electrolaser Research and development
Electrothermal-chemical technology Research and development Tank, artillery, and close-in weapon systems
Force field Hypothetical, experiments<ref>"Star Trek-style force-field armour being developed by military scientists". The Telegraph. 20 March 2010. Archived from the original on 28 January 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2011.</ref> Military and law enforcement, space travel Plasma window
Green bullet Development Environment-friendly ammunition
Hypersonic cruise missile Development Avangard, Kinzhal, Zircon, BrahMos-II, Prompt Global Strike, DARPA Falcon Project, DF-ZF, Boeing X-51 Waverider
Laser weapon Research and development, trials Tracking and destruction of rockets, bombs, drones etc.<ref>"Navy tests new vehicle-mounted laser weapon". Fox News. 29 September 2014. Archived from the original on 11 October 2014.</ref> Advanced Tactical Laser, High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System
MAHEM Research and development A formed penetrator using molten metal in place of self-forging explosives Explosively pumped flux compression generator
Precision-guided firearm Research and development Increased accuracy by marksmen EXACTO, Smart bullet, TrackingPoint
Railgun Research and development<ref>"Electromagnetic weapons – Frying tonight". The Economist. 15 October 2011. Archived from the original on 19 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</ref><ref>"Navy Sets World Record With Incredible, Sci-Fi Weapon". Fox News. 10 December 2010. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</ref> Cheaper and safer ammunition Coilgun
Stealth technology Research and development Electronic countermeasures Plasma stealth, Stealth aircraft, Radar-absorbent material
Telescoped ammunition Research and development More compact cartridges
Lightweight Small Arms Technologies Research and development

Space

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Artificial gravity Research and development Space travel Spin gravity
Asteroid mining Conceptual; NASA has announced plans to capture and redirect an asteroid<ref>"New Imagery of Asteroid Mission". NASA. 13 August 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.</ref> Commerce, resource supply
Inflatable space habitat Development, prototypes built and tested Space habitats Bigelow Aerospace
Reusable launch vehicle Commercial Circumvention of the cost of expendable launch vehicles outside of national government or military missions Reusable launch vehicle
Starshot Research Uncrewed interstellar probes<ref>"Breakthrough Initiatives". breakthroughinitiatives.org. Archived from the original on 22 May 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2020.</ref>
Stasis chamber Research and development, experiments<ref>"Spaceworks may have a real-world stasis chamber for space travel by 2018". Digital Trends. 29 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.</ref> Interplanetary space travel, interstellar space travel, medical

Robotics

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Android, gynoid Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing<ref>"SoftBank robot to reach US in less than a year". TechnologyTell. Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.</ref> Disabled, infant and older people care, housekeeping, sex-worker, flight-attendant, model, hostess, waiter, security guard Tesla bot
Gastrobot Prototypes Robots fuelled by digesting organic matter
Molecular nanotechnology, nanorobotics Hypothetical, experiments<ref>"Tiny motors may be big in surgery". BBC News. 20 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> Machines that can make anything given the materials, cheap planetary terraforming Rotimatic
Powered exoskeleton Research, development, prototypes, diffusion, commercializing<ref>Christopher Mims (2009). "Exoskeletons Give New Life to Legs". Scientific American. Archived from the original on 4 October 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2009.</ref> Heavy lifting, paralysis, muscle-related diseases, warfare, construction, firefighting, care for the elderly and disabled LOPES (exoskeleton), ReWalk, Human Universal Load Carrier, fictional armor Iron Man's armor, Future Force Warrior
Self-reconfiguring modular robot Hypothetical, experiments, early prototypes As a universal physical machine, SRCMR may change the way many physical structures and machines are made Robot, swarm robotics, autonomous research robot
Swarm robotics Hypothetical, experiments<ref>"Riders on a swarm". The Economist. 12 August 2010. Archived from the original on 25 March 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2011.</ref> Autonomous construction, space construction Swarm intelligence, autonomous robotics, nanorobotics, particle swarm optimization, multi-agent systems, behavior-based robotics
Uncrewed vehicle Research and development, diffusion, commercial Transport of goods, surveillance, oceanography, wildfire mapping, pipeline security, home security, anti-piracy, border control, pursuing criminals, oil, gas and mineral exploration and production, geophysical and geomagnetic surveys, exploration of hazardous areas, firefighting,<ref>Sharon Gaudin (2 April 2014). "U.S. Navy to test humanoid robotic firefighters". Computerworld. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014. Retrieved 20 October 2014.</ref> military and peacekeeping operations, search and rescue, bomb disposal, police raids Unmanned aerial vehicle, AeroVironment, AeroVironment Global Observer, AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird, Unmanned combat air vehicle, Unmanned ground vehicle, Unmanned space vehicle, Unmanned surface vehicle, Unmanned underwater vehicle, Autonomous underwater vehicle

Transport

Emerging technology Status Potential applications Related articles
Airless tire Research, development, early prototypes<ref>"Airless Tire Promises Grace Under Pressure for Soldiers". Scientific American. 11 August 2008. Archived from the original on 29 April 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref><ref>"New tire models to go without air or oil". The Daily Yomiuri. 6 December 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> Safer tires Tweel
Atmospheric satellite Experimentation More widespread communications
Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit Commercialization, diffusion Reducing air pollution, decreasing oil consumption Electric vehicle
Flexible wings (X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing, Adaptive Compliant Wing), fluidic flight controls Experiments, prototypes<ref>Scott, William B. (27 November 2006), "Morphing Wings", Aviation Week & Space Technology, archived from the original on 26 April 2011, retrieved 26 April 2011</ref><ref>"FlexSys Inc.: Aerospace". Archived from the original on 16 June 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2011.</ref><ref>Kota, Sridhar; Osborn, Russell; Ervin, Gregory; Maric, Dragan; Flick, Peter; Paul, Donald. "Mission Adaptive Compliant Wing – Design, Fabrication and Flight Test" (PDF). Ann Arbor, MI; Dayton, OH, U.S.A.: FlexSys Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 26 April 2011.</ref><ref>"Showcase UAV Demonstrates Flapless Flight". BAE Systems. 2010. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2010.</ref><ref>"Demon UAV jets into history by flying without flaps". Metro. London. Associated Press. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2010.</ref> Controlling aircraft, ships Aircraft flight control system, BAE Systems Demon, fluidics
Distributed propulsion Prototypes More efficient air travel
Flying car Early commercialization, prototypes<ref>"Terrafugia Transition flying car to go into production after US approval". The Australian. 1 July 2010. Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Stuck in traffic? Turn your car into a plane in 30 secs". The Times of India. 2 July 2010. Archived from the original on 27 October 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> More effective transportation Terrafugia Transition, Moller M400 Skycar, Urban Aeronautics X-Hawk, AeroMobil
Fusion rocket Research, development<ref>"Rocket powered by nuclear fusion could send humans to Mars". 4 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2 November 2014.</ref> Fast interplanetary travel, with limited interstellar travel applications
Ground-level power supply Standardization,<ref name="TS50717">"PD CLC/TS 50717 Technical Requirements for Current Collectors for ground-level feeding system on road vehicles in operation", The British Standards Institution, 2022, archived from the original on 11 February 2022, retrieved 11 February 2022</ref><ref>Martin G. H. Gustavsson, ed. (26 March 2021), "Key Messages on Electric Roads – Executive Summary from the CollERS Project" (PDF), CollERS, p. 6, retrieved 11 February 2022</ref> commercialization<ref>PIARC (17 February 2021), Electric Road Systems – PIARC Online Discussion, 34 minutes 34 seconds, archived from the original on 22 December 2021</ref><ref>Jean-Philippe Pastre (30 June 2023), "L'APS d'Alstom bientôt testé sur les routes", TRM24</ref> Reduction of required battery size and weight for battery electric vehicles by charging while driving
Hoverbike Working prototypes, early commercialization Package delivery, search and rescue
Hovertrain, Ground effect train, Ground effect vehicle Research, development<ref>"Flying train unveiled by Japanese scientists". CNN. 13 May 2011. Archived from the original on 9 January 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Robot plane-train uses ground-effect principle to levitate". Wired. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 21 November 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> Faster trains Aérotrain, Duke Hospital PRT, Hovercraft
Hybrid airship Prototypes Air travel with low fuel consumption Airlander 10
Ion-propelled aircraft Research, development, prototypes<ref>Masuyama, K.; Barrett, S. R. H. (2013). "On the performance of electrohydrodynamic propulsion". Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 469 (2154): 20120623. Bibcode:2013RSPSA.46920623M. doi:10.1098/rspa.2012.0623.</ref><ref>"Electrohydrodynamic effect offers promise for efficient propulsion in air". Archived from the original on 18 September 2015.</ref> Better flying transportation, efficient propulsion in air Electrohydrodynamics
Jet pack or backpack helicopter Early commercialization, prototypes<ref>"Flying into the future: New Zealand company to make personal jet packs". The Telegraph. 24 February 2010. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2011.</ref> More effective individual transportation
Maglev train Research, early commercialization, diffusion<ref>"China scientists claim 1,200 km/h train". CNN. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Laboratory working on train to run at 1,000 km/h". Shanghai Daily. 3 August 2010. Archived from the original on 17 January 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> Faster trains Transrapid, Shanghai Maglev Train, Linimo
Magnetic levitation Research, development, Commercialization (Maglev Train) High temperature superconductivity, cryogenics, low temperature refrigerators, superconducting magnet design and construction, fiber reinforced plastics for vehicles and structural concretes, communication and high power solid-state controls, vehicle design (aerodynamics and noise mitigation), precision manufacturing, construction and fabrication of concrete structures,<ref>"The Potential for Maglev Applications". about.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012.</ref> maglev car, maglev based spacecraft launch Vactrain, Levicar
Magnetohydrodynamic drive Research, development, prototypes<ref>"The US military revives an idea for stealthy sea power". BBC News. 13 July 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</ref> Marine Propulsion, Aircraft Propulsion, Spacecraft Propulsion Yamato 1
Mass driver Prototypes
Orbital propellant depot Research, development Deep-space missions with larger payloads, satellite life extension, lowering cost per kg launched to space
Personal rapid transit Early commercialization, diffusion<ref>"Pod Cars Start to Gain Traction in Some Cities". The New York Times. 20 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 May 2013. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Are driverless pods the future?". BBC News. 18 December 2007. Archived from the original on 17 February 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> More effective transportation Morgantown PRT, ULTra
Physical Internet Research<ref>Physical Internet would increase profits, reduce carbon emissions, study finds Archived 27 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Phys.org. Retrieved on 21 July 2013.</ref>
Scooter-sharing system Commercialization Increased density<ref name="Have A Go 2018">"The Disgraceful Dockless Drama: What Dockless Bikes/Scooters Are Exposing". Have A Go. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.</ref> Bird (company)
Vactrain Research, development<ref>"How vactrains work". The Seattle Times. 16 August 2010. Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> Faster way to get somewhere ET3 Global Alliance, Hyperloop
Plasma propulsion Research and development Spacecraft propulsion
Pulse detonation engine Research and development; one prototype flown in 2008<ref>Norris, G., "Pulse Power: Pulse Detonation Engine-powered Flight Demonstration Marks Milestone in Mojave," Aviation Week & Space Technology, Vol. 168, No. 7, 2008, pp. 60.</ref> Higher-efficiency propulsion
Quiet Supersonic Technology Prototype Supersonic air travel over land
Self-driving car Research, development, early commercialization Reducing concerns of tiredness while driving and also looking outside in the car. Helpful in countries where employment of personal drivers is expensive. Waymo, Tesla FSD
Space elevator Research<ref>"Robot passes test in space elevator contest". The Washington Post. 5 November 2009. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2011.</ref> Non-rocket spacelaunch Orbital ring, Sky hook, Space fountain
Spaceplane Research, development<ref>"Plans to develop space-plane are go". The Australian. 20 October 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"UK Skylon spaceplane passes key review". BBC News. 24 May 2011. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref><ref>"Air Force says it's extending mission of mysterious X-37B". Los Angeles Times. 29 November 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2011.</ref> Hypersonic transport A2, Skylon
Vehicular communication systems Research and development, some diffusion Traffic management, automatic accommodation of emergency vehicles, driver assistance systems, automated highways Artificial Passenger, Dedicated short-range communications, Intelligent transportation system

See also

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References

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Further reading

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